A reader has submitted the following question: "What is the difference between prebiotics and probiotics?
Probiotics are bacteria (in the form of beneficial microorganisms that reside in our large intestine).
Probiotics are available in various foods as well as dietary supplements. Foods that contain probiotics include, but are not limited to, yogurt, miso, tempeh, and fermented/unfermented milk. Many foods are now fortified with probiotics including some cereals, non-dairy milks and yogurts.
Examples of probiotics are Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli.
Research has shown that probiotics have many benefits that include managing lactose intolerance, improving immunity, reducing inflammation, and inhibiting some of the negative side effects that come with taking antibiotics.
Prebiotics are the nutrients for these beneficial bacteria (probiotics). They are sometimes known as fermentable fiber. One type that is used in many foods is called inulin.
Food sources of prebiotics include soybeans, artichokes, bananas, berries, chicory, flax, garlic, greens such as chard and kale, honey, leeks, oatmeal, onions, unrefined wheat and barely, and legumes.
Prebiotics also are added to some dietary supplements and some processed foods, such as yogurt, drink mixes and meal-replacement bars during fortification.
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